Science : Biotechnology

During the past 30 years, the field of alkene polymerization over transition metal catalysts underwent several major changes:. 1. The list of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene and stereoregular polyolefins was completely renewed affording an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer structure. 2. Research devoted to metallocene and other soluble transition-metal catalysis has vastly expanded and has shifted toward complexes of transition metals with multidentate ligands. 3. Recent developments in gel permeation chromatography, temperature-rising fractionation, and crystallization fractionation provided the first reliable information about differences between various active centers in transition-metal catalysts. 4. A rapid development of high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy resulted in greatly expanded understanding of the chemical and steric features of polyolefins and alkene copolymers. These developments require a new review of all aspects of alkene polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts. The first chapter in the book is an introductory text for researchers who are entering the field. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts, the types of catalysts, and commercially manufactured polyolefins. The next chapter addresses the principal issue of alkene polymerization catalysis: the existence of catalyst systems with single and multiple types of active centers. The subsequent chapters are devoted to chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental reaction steps, structures of catalyst precursors and reactions leading to the formation of active centers, kinetics of polymerization reactions, and their mechanisms. more...

Price: $220.00

This is the first book that provides a comprehensive review of the entire area of artificial cells. The author, a pioneer of the field, invented the first artificial cells some 50 years ago and has continued to carry out active research in this field. Since then, there have been explosive research activities around the world on artificial cells, especially in fields related to biotechnology, nanomedicine, cell therapy, blood substitutes, drug delivery and others. However, instead of the term “artificial cells,” many authors use other terminologies such as blood substitutes, bioencapsulation, liposomes, nanoparticles and so on. Furthermore, papers in this highly interdisciplinary area are published in numerous journals specializing in chemistry, medicine, surgery, bioengineering and others, while books in this area are mostly multi-authored, describing very specific and narrow areas. As a result, any meaningful literature search for a complete idea of the present status of the whole field of artificial cells is impossible. This monograph is written to fill this gap by including all those areas in artificial cells that are disguised under different terminologies. Each chapter begins with a detailed overview, followed by detailed examples of the author’s own research and a full description of his methods and procedures. Readers interested in a detailed overview of the whole area can read from cover to cover, omitting the methods section at the end of each chapter; while those entering this area of research will find the detailed methods and procedures very useful. more...

Price: $177.00

Traditionally, researchers have defined entrepreneurship in terms of the entrepreneur - the individual who exploits a previously unnoticed opportunity. Entrepreneurship research thus focused on the attributes of the person and how these might be related to exploiting opportunities which others either didn't see or chose not to pursue. In this way, classic entrepreneurship research explored individual characteristics such as willingness to bear uncertainty (Khilstrom & Laffont, 1979), tolerance for ambiguity (Schere, 1982), or need for achievement (McClelland, 1961). Unfortunately, focus on the individual entrepreneur has proved unsatisfactory because it cannot explain the fact that entrepreneurial behaviour is episodic and clustered at particular points in time. It also does not explain how entrepreneurship is often a response to specific situations (Gartner, 1985). Stated differently, this individual entrepreneur view of the field does not acknowledge the context within which entrepreneurship takes place (Shane, 2003; Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Shane and his colleagues encourage researchers to view entrepreneurship as the nexus of entrepreneur and context. more...

Price: $99.00

An integrated treatment of bio-based engineered materials---from basic chemistry and physical properties to mass manufacturing and real-world uses and applications. more...

Price: $109.00

Unique practical approach to biochemical engineering more...

Price: $190.00